1. Exercise regularly
Regular exercise can help you reach and maintain a moderate weight and increase insulin sensitivity.
Increased insulin sensitivity means your cells can more effectively use the available sugar in your bloodstream.
Exercise also helps your muscles use blood sugar for energy and muscle contraction.
If you have problems with blood sugar management, consider routinely checking your levels before and after exercising. This will help you learn how you respond to different activities and keep your blood sugar levels from getting too high or low.
What’s more, researchers recommend doing so-called “exercise snacks” to lower blood sugar and prevent the damage that sitting all day can do.
Exercise snacks simply mean that you break up your sitting time every 30 minutes for just a few minutes throughout the day. Some of the recommended exercises include light walking or simple resistance exercises like squats or leg raises.
Other useful forms of exercise include weightlifting, brisk walking, running, biking, dancing, hiking, swimming, and more. In fact, any activity that regularly gets you up and moving — regardless of the intensity — beats a sedentary lifestyle.
Plus, know that if you have trouble dedicating longer periods to exercise throughout the week, you can still gain many benefits by doing shorter sessions. For example, try aiming for 10-minute exercise sessions 3 times a day for 5 days, with the goal of 150 minutes per week.
2. Manage your carb intake
Your carb intake strongly influences your blood sugar levels.
Your body breaks carbs down into sugars, mainly glucose. Then, insulin helps your body use and store it for energy.
When you eat too many carbs or have insulin-function problems, this process fails, and blood glucose levels can rise.
That’s why the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that people with diabetes manage their carb intake by counting carbs and being aware of how many they need.
Some studies find that this can help you plan your meals appropriately, further improving blood sugar management.
Many studies also show that eating a low carb diet helps reduce blood sugar levels and prevent blood sugar spikes.
It’s important to note that low carb diets and no carb diets are not the same.
You can still eat some carbs when monitoring your blood sugar. However, prioritizing whole grains over processed ones and refined carbs provides greater nutritional value while helping decrease your blood sugar levels.
3. Eat more fiber
Fiber slows carb digestion and sugar absorption, thereby promoting a more gradual rise in blood sugar levels .
There are two types of fiber — insoluble and soluble.
While both are important, soluble fiber has explicitly been shown to improve blood sugar management, while insoluble fiber hasn’t been shown to have this effect.
A high fiber diet can improve your body’s ability to regulate blood sugar and minimize blood sugar lows. This could help you better manage type 1 diabetes.
Foods that are high in fiber include:
- vegetables
- fruits
- legumes
- whole grains
The recommended daily intake of fiber is about 25 grams for women and 35 grams for men. That’s about 14 grams for every 1,000 calories.
4. Drink water and stay hydrated
Drinking enough water could help you keep your blood sugar levels within healthy ranges.
In addition to preventing dehydration, it helps your kidneys flush out any excess sugar through urine.
One review of observational studies showed that those who drank more water had a lower risk of developing high blood sugar levels.
Drinking water regularly may rehydrate the blood, lower blood sugar levels, and reduce diabetes risk .
Keep in mind that water and other zero-calorie drinks are best. Avoid sugar-sweetened options, as these can raise blood glucose, drive weight gain, and increase diabetes risk .
5. Implement portion control
Portion control can help you regulate your calorie intake and maintain a moderate weight.
Consequently, weight management promotes healthy blood sugar levels and has been shown to reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes.
Monitoring your serving sizes also helps prevent blood sugar spikes.
Here are some helpful tips for managing portion sizes:
- measure and weigh your portions
- use smaller plates
- avoid all-you-can-eat restaurants
- read food labels and check the serving sizes
- keep a food journal
- eat slowly
6. Choose foods with a low glycemic index
The glycemic index (GI) measures how quickly carbs break down during digestion and how rapidly your body absorbs them. This affects how quickly your blood sugar levels rise.
The GI divides foods into low, medium, and high GI and ranks them on a scale of 0–100. Low GI foods have a ranking of 55 or less.
Both the amount and type of carbs you eat determine how a food affects your blood sugar levels. Specifically, eating low GI foods has been shown to reduce blood sugar levels in people with diabetes .
Some examples of foods with a low to moderate GI include:
- bulgur
- barley
- unsweetened Greek yogurt
- oats
- beans
- lentils
- legumes
- whole wheat pasta
- non-starchy vegetables
Furthermore, adding protein or healthy fats helps minimize blood sugar spikes after a meal.
7. Try to manage your stress levels
Stress can affect your blood sugar levels.
When stressed, your body secretes hormones called glucagon and cortisol, which cause blood sugar levels to rise
One study including a group of students showed that exercise, relaxation, and meditation significantly reduced stress and lowered blood sugar levels
Exercises and relaxation methods like yoga and mindfulness-based stress reduction may also help correct insulin secretion problems among people with chronic diabetes.
8. Monitor your blood sugar levels
Monitoring blood glucose levels can help you better manage them.
You can do so at home using a portable blood glucose meter, which is known as a glucometer. You can discuss this option with your doctor.
Keeping track allows you to determine whether you need to adjust your meals or medications. It also helps you learn how your body reacts to certain foods
Try measuring your levels regularly every day and keeping track of the numbers in a log. Also, it may be more helpful to track your blood sugar in pairs — for example, before and after exercise or before and 2 hours after a meal.
This can show you whether you need to make small changes to a meal if it spikes your blood sugar, rather than avoiding your favorite meals altogether. Some adjustments include swapping a starchy side for non-starchy veggies or limiting them to a handful.
9. Get enough quality sleep
Getting enough sleep feels excellent and is necessary for good health
In fact, poor sleeping habits and a lack of rest can affect blood sugar levels and insulin sensitivity, increasing the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. They can also increase appetite and promote weight gain .
Additionally, sleep deprivation raises levels of the hormone cortisol, which, as explained, plays an essential role in blood sugar management.
Adequate sleep is about both quantity and quality. The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults get at least 7–8 hours of high quality sleep per night
To improve the quality of your sleep, try to:
- follow a sleep schedule
- avoid caffeine and alcohol late in the day
- get regular exercise
- cut down on screen time before bed
- keep your bedroom cool
- limit your naps
- create a bedtime routine
- use soothing and calming scents such as lavender
- avoid working in your bedroom
- take a warm bath or shower before bed
- try meditation or guided imagery